Migration of the Indian diaspora to the rest of the world spans millions of years. It all began with ancient migrations to South-east Asia. Furthermore, British colonialism led to mass emigration, like that of, labour from British-ruled India to Caribbean and African colonies. Post Independence, skilled migration to developed countries was witnessed.
The Global South, primarily, comprises Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. They all share a history of colonialism. This common past has shaped its diverse cultures, economies, and political systems which have left an impact on art, music, literature, and social structures.
In this article, we talk about how the Indian diaspora fosters cultural linkages by sharing Indian arts, music, and cuisine globally, promoting trade and investment within the Global South, and connecting communities through networks and expertise.
Historical Evolution of the Indian Diaspora
During the 19th century, Indian indentured labour migration to British colonies to replace the abolished slave labour was on a rise. (Balfour, S. (2000). “Indian indentured labour migration to the Caribbean”) Post independence, this pattern changed. Emigration was driven by economic factors and skilled labour demand. Indian emigrated to developed nations for higher education and better employment opportunities.
Within the Global South, the Indian diaspora is concentrated in key regions like Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia), Africa (South Africa, East Africa), and the Caribbean (Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana). The key factor contributing to this presence being the historical practice of indentured labour during the colonial era to these regions.
Colonialism, although exploitative, fostered inevitable cultural exchange. European languages, technologies, and philosophies influenced colonized societies greatly. (Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism.) Post-colonialism also witnessed continued exchange, with diasporic communities transmitting and transforming cultures across borders, enriching the global cultural landscape.
Diaspora as Agents of Soft Power
Indian communities in the Global South play a vital role in promoting India’s cultural diplomacy as cultural ambassadors and by showcasing India’s rich heritage and diversity. These communities contribute to a positive image of India and strengthen bilateral relations through cultural events and community engagement.
For instance, in Mauritius, India’s national identity has been greatly shaped by the Indian diaspora. Indian languages, music, dance and cuisine are an integral part of the country’s cultural fabric. This is because festivals like Diwali and Holi are national holidays and reflect the deep cultural integration of Indian traditions.
Furthermore, in Fiji, Indian festivals such as Diwali and Holi are powerful symbols of unity. These celebrations are cross cutting across ethnic and religious lines and create a sense of a shared cultural experience and national identity.
Therefore, the Indian diaspora promotes cultural cooperation by serving as a link between India and the host countries. They acclimatize the people to the Indian culture through festivals, food, music and dance and promote understanding and appreciation of the two cultures. This cultural exchange is beneficial to both the societies and helps in strengthening the bilateral relations.
Challenges and Identity
The Indian diaspora community faces a multitude of challenges. Some of these include sticking to their cultural identity, such as language, religion, and customs, which can be a difficult task in any foreign environment. Integrating in a foreign society often comes with various challenges of its own, namely, racial and ethnic discrimination, stereotypes, and socioeconomic marginalization. Internal tensions within the diaspora, for instance, those arising from caste-based discrimination, religious divisions, and generational differences, further complicate these challenges. The sheer size and diversity of the Indian diaspora, coupled with the strong emotional and cultural ties to India, add up another layer of complexity to navigating these issues.
Conclusion
The diaspora in the Global South plays a crucial role in strengthening cultural ties within the region. With the assistance of remittances and transfer of skills and knowledge, the diaspora and community helps in advancing economic growth and social progress in their countries of origin. They also behave as cultural ambassadors, cultivating their heritage and traditions in their host countries and fostering intercultural dialogue.
The government of India has also marked the importance of engaging with the Indian diaspora and implemented various initiatives to strengthen ties. Pravasi Bhartiya Divas, a bi-annual event, acts as a platform for the Indian diaspora from all across the world to connect with their fellow Indians and with the government of India.
The diaspora further has the possibility of enhancing cultural and economic collaboration in the Global South. By utilizing their networks and expertise, the diaspora communities help in facilitating trade and investment. They also play a major role in promoting peace and understanding by fostering intercultural dialogue and cooperation.
